acc valvular heart disease

valvular disease involvement by stenosis, insufficiency (regurgitation), or both. Stenosis is the failure of a fully open Volve what hinders flow insufficiency, regurgitation, or inability, unlike results from the malfunctioning valve to close completely, so that reversed flow. These disorders can either be pure, if only stenosis or regurgitation, or mixed if both stenosis and regurgitation coexist in the same valve, but one of these errors usually prevails. dysfunction may relate to a single valve (isolated disease) or more valves (combined disease). regurgation Functional results when a valve is incompetent due to ventricular dilation, which causes the right or left ventricle papillary muscles are reduced and outwardly, thereby preventing that otherwise intact coaptation leaflets during systole . Abnormalities of flow often abnormal heart sounds known as murmurs.

Valvular dysfunction can be expressed in degrees of light and physiologically unimportant to severe and rapidly fatal. The clinical consequences depend on the valve, the rate and quality of compensatory mechanisms. For example, sudden destruction of a threshold by an aortic valve infection (as in infective endocarditis) can cause rapidly fatal caardiac failure due to massive regurgitation. In contrast, rheumatic mitral stenosis usually develops over years and their clinical effect may be remarkably well tolerated. Depending on the scope, duration and cause, valvular stenosis or insufficiency often leads to secondary changes in the heart, blood vessels and other organs, the proximal and distal to the valvular lesion. Most important are the myocardial hypertrophy and pulmonary and systemic changes. In addition, a patch of endocardial thickening is often to the point where a jet lesion hits, as the focal endocardial fibrosis in the left atrium secondary to a regurgitant jet of mitral insufficiency.

Valvular abnormalities can be congenital or illness by a variety of acquired disease. The most common are acquired stenosis of the mitral and aortic valves, for about two-thirds of valve lesions. Valvular insufficiency may be either intrinsic disease of the valve cups or damage or distortion of the supporting structures (for example), the aorta, mitral annulus, tendinous cords, Papillary muscle, ventricular free wall) without changes in the primary cusps. It can occur with infectious endocarditis with acute or chronic scarring and retraction of this leaflet. In contrast, valvular stenosis almost always a primary cuspal anomaly is almost always a chronic process.

In contrast to the many possible causes for valvular insufficiency, relatively few mechanisms produce jointly acquired valvular stenosis. The most common causes of chronic skin flaps major functional changes are as follows:

Mitral stenosis of rheumatic heart disease, mitral insufficiency, myxomatous degeneration (mitral valve prolapse) aortic stenosis - calcification of the anatomically normal and congenitally bicupspid aortic valve insufficiency Aortic-dialation of the ascending aorta associated with hypertension and aging.